SERIAL KILLER MIND

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 16 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   When the attempt to prisoner-swap Hearst for jailed SLA members failed, the SLA made ransom demands that resulted in the donation by the Hearst family of $6 million worth of food to the poor of the Bay Area. After the distribution of food, Hearst was still not released. Victimology The victim was the Sunset bank branch of the Hibernia Bank.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 15 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   She was kidnapped on February 4, 1974, shortly before her twentieth birthday, from the Berkeley, California, apartment that she shared with her fiancé, Steven Weed, by an urban guerrilla terrorist group called the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA).  

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 14 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Hearst was born in San Mateo, California, the third of five daughters of Randolph Apperson Hearst. She grew up primarily in the wealthy San Francisco suburb of Hillsborough, California, and attended Crystal Springs Uplands School.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 13 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   CASE STUDY: 421: BANK ROBBERY Background This study is an atypical bank robbery because it was committed by more than one person and is a well-known case. Campbell Hearst, better known as Patty Hearst (born February 20, 1954), now as Patricia Hearst Shaw, is an American newspaper heiress and socialite. She is the granddaughter of William Randolph Hearst and was the victim of a 1974 kidnapping, but soon afterward became a criminal herself: she robbed a bank and spent time in prison (although she later received a presidential pardon).  

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 12 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Today most organized crime groups tend to make their money by other means, such as drug trafficking, identity theft, or online scamming and phishing. However, bank robberies are still common and are sometimes successful, although eventually most robbers are found and arrested. An FBI report states that the rate of clearance by arrest for bank robbery in 2001 was second only to that of murder.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 11 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Due to modern security measures like security cameras, well-armed security guards, silent alarms, exploding dye packs, and SWAT teams, bank robberies are now rarely successful. Few criminals can make a successful living out of bank robbery over the long run, since each attempt increases the probability of being identified and caught.  

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 10 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   The first bank robbery in the United States took place on March 19, 1831, and was committed by Edward Smith, who stole $245,000 from the City Bank on Wall Street in New York City. He was caught, convicted, and sentenced to five years in Sing Sing prison.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 9 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   421: BANK ROBBERY Bank robbery is usually accomplished by a solitary criminal who brandishes a firearm at a teller and demands money, either orally or through a written note. The most dangerous type of bank robbery is a takeover robbery in which several heavily armed (and armored) gang members threaten the lives of everyone in the bank.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 8 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Search Warrant Suggestions There should be a search for the stolen items. In bank robberies, there will be marking dye on clothes and the surroundings.  

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 7 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Investigative Considerations Robberies are usually planned. Surveillance tapes should be secured for both prior casing of the building and the robbery itself. Careful interviewing of witnesses will assist in developing a sketch of the robber for media distribution or photos from the security cameras.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 6 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Staging. Staging is not typical. Common Forensic Findings. In bank robberies there is often a note left for analysis. If the victim has been bound, there will be restraints available.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 5 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Crime Scene Indicators Frequently Noted. The robber usually spends a minimum amount of time at the scene. Typically, he brings a weapon or the threat of having one, such as a bomb. Sometimes communication between the robber and the victim is written or verbal. Communication is minimal.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 4 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   The victim’s risk is situational. It is the robber’s perception of the victim that puts the victim at risk. The risk for the robber is dependent on his relationship with the victim and his or her expertise in the crime.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 3 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Defining Characteristics Victimology. The victim of a robbery can be an individual or a group of people. It can also be a home, bank, store, and other places with cash or items to be stolen. The goal is generally cash.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 2 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   The element of force differentiates robbery from embezzlement, larceny, and other types of theft. Armed robbery involves the use of a weapon. High- way robbery takes place outside and in a public place. Carjacking is the act of stealing a car from a victim, usually at gunpoint. Bank robbery is the robbing of banks and financial institutions.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 1 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   420: ROBBERY Robbery is a crime of seizing property through violence or intimidation. Be- cause violence is an ingredient of most robberies, they sometimes result in the harm or murder of their victims. Robbery is generally an urban crime. In common with most legal terms, the precise definition of robbery varies by jurisdiction.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 50 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Outcome Jackson, convicted of attempted murder and inflicting great bodily injury, was given the maximum sentence of twelve years in prison. While in custody, he also confessed to the murder of two people during a robbery of a London bank in 1962. Jackson continued to write to Saldana in prison as well as reporters about his quest for Saldana.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 49 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   After returning to Hollywood, he hired a private detective, who provided Saldana’s address. During questioning by the police, he was asked why he had tried to kill Saldana. Jackson replied, “Read my diary. It’s all in there.” Jackson had kept a dairy of his quest in his knapsack.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 48 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   While he stalked Saldana, he tried to purchase a gun in many different states but was prevented by state laws requiring a minimum of a driver’s license for identification. The only weapon available to Jackson was a hunting knife.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 47 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   He was unable to locate Saldana. A trip to Los Angeles also yielded nothing. Only after he returned to New York from California did he manage to trick one of Saldana’s relatives into telling him the actress lived in Hollywood.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 46 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Investigation Jackson began stalking Saldana in early 1982, the year he illegally returned to the United States. He took several cross-country bus trips in this single- minded quest. He initially went to New York City, where he tried to contact Saldana’s relatives and business associates, pretending to be an agent with a script for her.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 45 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Two years later he saw Saldana in Defiance, a movie in which she plays a girl trying to make a life for herself in a crime-ridden slum. When costar Jan-Michael Vincent was attacked in the movie by a street gang, the scene provoked vivid memories of his own 1956 suicide attempt. Focusing his excitement on Theresa, Jackson convinced himself he could win the actress by “sending her into eternity.”

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 44 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   In 1966, Jackson reentered the United States through Miami and was given a six-month visitor’s visa. He was deported when he overstayed six months. He first became aware of Saldana in 1979, when he sat in an Aberdeen theater and watched I Want to Hold Your Hand, a film about Beatlemania. Movies were Jackson’s only reality. Jackson conceived mad passions for women in movies whom he thought of as stars.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 43 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Discharged from the army, he continued to wander across the United States. In 1961, the U.S. Secret Service arrested Jackson for threatening President John F. Kennedy. Later that year, he was deported to Scotland, where he occasionally lived with his widowed mother. During this period, he was a vagrant on the dole and seldom stayed in one place for more than a few months.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 42 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   In 1955 he joined the U.S. Army. While in the army, he fell in love with a fellow soldier and suffered another nervous breakdown. He was sent to Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C., for psychiatric treatment. While in the hospital, he was given a weekend pass in honor of his twenty-first birthday in 1956. Jackson spent his birthday going to New York, where he attempted suicide with an overdose of sleeping pills.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 41 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   At seventeen, he suffered his first nervous breakdown. It took a full year before Jackson was released from the Scottish psychiatric hospital where he sought treatment. After his release, he began a trip across two continents, working in London as a kitchen porter, in Toronto as a zoo helper, and in New York as a jack-of-all-menial trades.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 40 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   I swear on the ashes of my dead mother and on the scars of Theresa Saldana that neither God nor I will rest in peace until this special request and my solemn petition has been granted.”

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 39 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   It was also in this letter to Saldana that he expressed his “torturous love sickness in my soul to you combined with a desperate desire to escape into a beautiful world I have always dreamed of (the palaces of gardens of sweet paradise), whereby the plan was for you, Theresa, to go ahead first, then I would join you in a few months.  

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 38 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   In an eighty-nine-page autobiographical letter addressed to Saldana written in 1982 shortly after his arrest, Jackson wrote that at age ten, he became fixated on a neighbor girl called Fiona. At thirteen he described a sexual encounter with an older boy.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 37 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   The Offender Arthur Jackson was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1935 to an alcoholic father and a mother whom investigators believe may have been schizophrenic. He was an odd and fanatical child who often became lost in fantasy.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 36 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Victimology Theresa Saldana was a twenty-seven-year-old actress Jackson had identified with through watching movies.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 35 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Hearing Saldana’s screams, a delivery man rushed to her aid and wrested the weapon away from Jackson. The intervention of the delivery man, heart-lung surgery, and twenty-six pints of blood saved Saldana’s life.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 34 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   When Saldana paused to unlock her car, Jackson asked, “Excuse me. Are you Theresa Saldana?” Saldana replied, “Yes.” Her identity confirmed, Jackson began stabbing Saldana with a hunting knife. He stabbed and slashed her so hard and so often that the knife bent.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 33 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N     CASE STUDY: 413: EROTOMANIA STALKER Background On the morning of March 15, 1982, Arthur Richard Jackson, age forty- seven, was waiting near Theresa Saldana’s West Hollywood apartment house. As Saldana rushed out to a music class at Los Angeles City College, Jackson approached.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 32 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Other items to look for are evidence of contact or attempted contacts with the target: telephone records, returned letters or gifts, motel receipts, gas bills, rental agreements, airline, bus, or train tickets implying travel to locations where the target has been. Credit card records also may be helpful in this regard.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 31 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   Search Warrant Suggestions The primary items to search for are photographs, literature (newspaper articles, books, magazine articles), maps, letters from a celebrity target to a stalker, surveillance photos of the target, and recordings concerning the tar- get. Diaries and journals detailing the stalker’s preoccupation or fantasy life with the target may be found.

  Crime Classification Manual Part II Chapter 9 B 30 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITIO N   He or she may have claimed to have had a relationship with the target and may have invented stories to support this encounter. Assistance should be requested from the FBI’s Investigative Support Unit or mental health professionals experienced with these complicated cases.