Crime Classification Manual Part I Chapter 4 5 A STANDARD SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING AND CLASSIFYING VIOLENT CRIMES SECOND EDITION John E. Douglas, Ann W. Burgess, Allen G. Burgess, and Robert K. Ressler, Editors While American justice and law enforcement are closely scrutinized for their imperfections and criticized for them, their openness to growth and evolution is the embodiment of justice. The utility of and need for punishment carves out a coexistence with compassion and rehabilitative goals. Numerous factors diminish punishment, or the severity of sentencing, in American courts. An offender’s previous history, social disadvantage, presence of mental illness or possibility of coinciding intoxication, lesser role in a crime, stature in the community, and negative impact of the punishment on others are examples of qualities that mitigate punishment. When these fac- tors distinguish an individual, American courts may choose to mete out a less severe s...